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Abstract Measurements of changes in atmospheric O2, CO2, and CO2 isotopes now span many decades. These measurements reveal a rich spectrum of variability including long-term trends, seasonal cycles, and interannual variations. In parallel, we now also have decades of measurements of dissolved oxygen and carbon in the ocean. This talk will highlight the application of these data to quantify impacts of climate changes and rising CO2 on global biogeochemistry, from tracking global land and ocean carbon sinks, to tracking changing water-use efficiency of land plants. The talk will also discuss two emergent applications under development, one using carbon isotopes to track recent changes in ocean circulation, and the second using atmospheric O2-measurements to track changes in the biogeochemistry of the Arctic ocean. Speaker information Ralph’s work centers on long-term measurements of the major constituents in air. He has been on the faculty at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, since 1993. He was the first to demonstrate that the O2 content of air is decreasing due to the burning of fossil-fuels and has directed a program to track this decrease since 1989. Since 2005 he has also directed the Scripps CO2 program which sustains the iconic record of carbon dioxide at Mauna Loa and other sites, begun by his father, Charles D. Keeling. He is engaged in ongoing research to refine estimates of sources and sinks of carbon dioxide using atmospheric measurements. Keeling has received the Rosenstiel Award in marine and atmospheric chemistry, the Humboldt Research Award, and is a Union Fellow of the American Geophysical Union.

Hazards Discussion Meeting Series 2026 – Your science and society What? Science talk on a paper or project, followed by an open discussion on how the presented science can reach “society”. In the open discussion we will address the target “society” audience for the paper/project, how the main outcomes can be best communicated, and who at BCCR can help. Who can attend? Open to all BCCR. When? Every second Wednesday of the month, 11–12h, in Bjerknes Meeting Room (3rd floor). 13 May Mats Venning (NORCE) Climate Services Paper 10 June Victoria Miles (NSERC) Urban climate hazards FTI

Topic: Modeling the Polar regions - what do we have and what are we missing?